-
Expand entry
- Added by: Jie Gao, Contributed by:
Publisher’s Note: Human beings naturally desire knowledge. But what is knowledge? Is it the same as having an opinion? Highlighting the major developments in the theory of knowledge from Ancient Greece to the present day, Jennifer Nagel uses a number of simple everyday examples to explore the key themes and current debates of epistemology.
Comment: As a contribution to the Oxford “very short introduction” seriers, this book is written to general public. This introductory book stands out due to its clarity, accessibility and coverage of topics. It might fall short of being a proper textbook for an epistemology course, but it constitutes a very good reading for all new-comers to epistemology. So it might be recommended as a further reading for a lower level undergraduate courses on epistemology or as an introduction to philosophy.
Nagel, Jennifer. Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction
2014, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Can’t find it?
Contribute the texts you think should be here and we’ll add them soon!
Categories
- Value Theory (445)
- Aesthetics (114)
- Aesthetic cognition (5)
- Aesthetic Taste (1)
- Aesthetic Criticism (2)
- Aesthetic Experience (5)
- Aesthetic Imagination (6)
- Aesthetic Interpretation (6)
- Aesthetic Judgment (2)
- Aesthetic Pleasure (3)
- Aesthetic Qualities (4)
- Beauty (3)
- Aesthetic Representation (22)
- Aesthetic Universality (1)
- Aesthetic Value (5)
- Aesthetics (1)
- Aesthetics and Culture (7)
- Aesthetics and Emotions (3)
- Aesthetics of Nature (2)
- Art and Artworks (30)
- Definition of Art (13)
- non-Western art (2)
- The Value of Art (2)
- Body Aesthetics (6)
- Crosscultural Aesthetics (1)
- Fictional Characters (1)
- Food and Drink (1)
- Aesthetics, General Works (1)
- Literary imagination (1)
- Literature and Emotion (4)
- Music and Emotion (1)
- Narrative (1)
- Ontology of art (2)
- Painting and Drawing (4)
- Philosophy of Literature (11)
- Philosophy of Music (2)
- Philosophy of Theatre (1)
- Philosophy of Visual Art (2)
- Photography (5)
- The Value of Art (1)
- Aesthetic cognition (5)
- Applied Ethics (142)
- Abortion (12)
- Animal Ethics (6)
- Animal Rights (2)
- Assisted Suicide (2)
- Autonomy (13)
- Bioethics (4)
- Biomedical Ethics (14)
- Business Ethics (6)
- Organisational Ethics (1)
- Whistleblowing (1)
- Organisational Ethics (1)
- Cognitive Enhancement (3)
- Contraception (1)
- Deception (3)
- Disability (9)
- Environmental Ethics (11)
- Euthanasia (4)
- Family Ethics (2)
- Financial Ethics (1)
- Genetic Testing (1)
- Global Justice (7)
- Harm (2)
- Health Care Justice (1)
- Human Genetic Modification (1)
- Imprisonment (1)
- Informed Consent in Medicine (1)
- International Ethics (1)
- Medical Ethics (12)
- Biomedical Ethics (1)
- Psychiatric Ethics (2)
- Military Ethics (6)
- post ad bellum (1)
- Theory of self defense (1)
- Morality of Procreation (3)
- Neuroethics (3)
- Parenthood (2)
- Paternalism (2)
- Political Ethics (7)
- Professional Ethics (3)
- Punishment (2)
- Reproductive Ethics (3)
- Responsibility in Applied Ethics (1)
- Social Ethics (2)
- Speciesism (1)
- Sport (2)
- Toleration (1)
- Vegetarianism (2)
- Metaethics (22)
- Amoralists (1)
- Collective Responsibility (1)
- Control and Responsibility (2)
- Cornell Realism (1)
- Internalism and Externalism about Moral Judgment (1)
- Moral Constructivism (1)
- Moral Expressivism (2)
- Moral Irrealism (1)
- Moral Judgment (1)
- Moral Motivation (1)
- Moral Naturalism (3)
- Moral Noncognitivism (1)
- Moral Nonnaturalism (1)
- Moral Rationality (2)
- Moral Realism (2)
- Moral Relativism (2)
- Moral Responsibility (1)
- Moral Scepticism (1)
- Ought Implies Can (1)
- Practical Reason (1)
- Miscellaneous (13)
- Ethics (7)
- Ethics and Religion (1)
- Incommensurability of Value (1)
- Meaning of Life (1)
- Normativity (1)
- Varieties of Value (1)
- Normative Ethics (82)
- Anger (1)
- Anti-Theory (3)
- Buck-Passing Accounts of Moral Value (1)
- Consequentialism (2)
- Utilitarianism (1)
- Deontological Moral Theories (4)
- Kantian Ethics (3)
- Disgust (2)
- Empathy and Sympathy (1)
- Ethical Theories (1)
- Ethics and Cognitive Science (2)
- Ethics of Care (1)
- Evolution of Morality (2)
- Feminist Ethics (11)
- Guilt and Shame (1)
- Hope (6)
- Integrity (1)
- Manners (1)
- Moral Character (6)
- Authenticity (1)
- Moral Contractualism (3)
- Moral Luck (1)
- Moral Psychology (2)
- Moral Sainthood (1)
- Moral Worth (1)
- Objections to Consequentialism (2)
- Objections to Utilitarianism (1)
- Objections to Virtue Ethics (3)
- Promises (2)
- Religious Ethics (2)
- Christian Ethics (1)
- Islamic Ethics (1)
- Skepticism about Character (1)
- Supererogation (1)
- The Doctrine of Double Effect (4)
- The Good (1)
- The Good Will and Moral Worth (1)
- The Trolley Problem (2)
- Theories of Moral Value (1)
- Topics in Consequentialism (1)
- Topics in Virtue Ethics (7)
- Trust (4)
- Value Pluralism (1)
- Varieties of Virtue Ethics (2)
- Virtue Ethics (15)
- Virtue Ethics and Eudaimonia (1)
- Virtue Ethics and Practical Wisdom (2)
- Virtues and Vices (4)
- Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality (116)
- Analytic Feminism (2)
- Black Feminism (1)
- Ecofeminism (1)
- Feminism: Disability (4)
- Feminism: Global Justice (1)
- Feminism: Marriage and Civil Unions (2)
- Feminism: Rape and Sexual Violence (3)
- Feminism: Reproduction (1)
- Feminism: The Body (2)
- Feminist Aesthetics (7)
- Feminist History of Philosophy (2)
- Feminist Metaphysics (9)
- Feminist Phenomenology (1)
- Feminist Philosophy (11)
- Feminist Philosophy of Religion (5)
- Feminist Philosophy of Science (1)
- Feminist Political Philosophy (4)
- Gay Marriage (2)
- History: Feminist Philosophy (5)
- Homosexuality, Politics and the Law (1)
- Philosophy of Gender (21)
- Philosophy of Love (2)
- Philosophy of Race (17)
- Philosophy of Sexual Orientation (1)
- Philosophy of Sexuality (7)
- Pornography (6)
- Queer Theory (3)
- Racial Identity (2)
- Racial Inequality (2)
- Racism (4)
- Relationships and Marriage (2)
- Sexual Objectification (1)
- The Sex/Gender Distinction (1)
- Topics in Feminist Philosophy (1)
- Whiteness (1)
- Philosophy of Law (9)
- Criminal Law (1)
- International Law (1)
- Political Obligation (2)
- Social and Political Philosophy (97)
- Activism (1)
- Autonomy in Political Theories (1)
- Autonomy (6)
- Contractualism about Political Authority (2)
- Cosmopolitanism (2)
- Culture and Cultures (3)
- Multiculturalism (1)
- Disability Rights (1)
- Distributive Justice (1)
- Egalitarianism (2)
- Environmental Rights (1)
- Equality (3)
- Equality and Responsibility (3)
- Equality of Welfare (1)
- Ethics and Justification of War (1)
- Freedom and Liberty (2)
- Oppression (1)
- Dehumanization (1)
- Oppression (1)
- Global Governance (2)
- Global Justice (1)
- Government and Democracy (1)
- History of Political Philosophy (2)
- Human Rights (1)
- Immigration (1)
- Immigration Rights (1)
- Implicit Bias (3)
- International Justice (2)
- Just War Theory (2)
- Justice (7)
- Methods in Political Philosophy (1)
- Minority Rights (1)
- Moral Cosmopolitanism (1)
- Nationalism (1)
- Nature of War (1)
- Pacifism (1)
- Patriotism (2)
- Political Cosmopolitanism (1)
- Political Feasibility (1)
- Political Power (1)
- Political Theory (9)
- Property Rights (7)
- Purpose of War (1)
- Rape (3)
- Rights (2)
- Rights and Poverty (1)
- Rights of Future Generations (1)
- Rights to Reparations (1)
- Terrorism (2)
- Toleration (2)
- Toleration in Normative Theories (3)
- War and Violence (3)
- Torture (1)
- Value (4)
- Aesthetics (114)
- Metaphysics & Epistemology (343)
- Epistemology (90)
- Content Externalist Replies to Skepticism (1)
- Critical Thinking (1)
- Deductive Reasoning (1)
- Defining Knowledge (1)
- Dogmatist and Moorean Replies to Skepticism (1)
- Doxastic Voluntarism (2)
- Entitlement (1)
- Epistemic Contextualism and Invariantism (7)
- Epistemic Injustice (7)
- Epistemic Internalism and Externalism (1)
- Epistemic Normativity (2)
- Epistemic Norms (2)
- Epistemic Possibility (1)
- Epistemic Relativism (1)
- Epistemic Responsibility (1)
- Epistemic Value (5)
- Epistemic Virtue (3)
- Epistemological States and Properties (3)
- Justification (1)
- Rationality (1)
- Epistemological Theories (1)
- Epistemology, General Works (1)
- Epistemology of Intuition (5)
- Epistemology of Specific Domains (1)
- Epistemology of Testimony (9)
- Ethics of Belief (3)
- Evidence (1)
- Evidence and Knowledge (3)
- Evolutionary Epistemology (1)
- Feminist Epistemology (11)
- Formal Epistemology (3)
- Causal Reasoning (1)
- Causal Modeling (1)
- Causal Reasoning (1)
- Formal Social Epistemology (1)
- Foundationalism and Coherentism (2)
- History: Skepticism (2)
- Ignorance (2)
- Justification (1)
- Knowledge by Acquaintance (1)
- Luminosity (1)
- Metaepistemology (1)
- Naturalized Epistemology (2)
- Ordinary Language Replies to Skepticism (1)
- Pragmatic Encroachment (5)
- Primitivism about Knowledge (2)
- Rationality (3)
- Reliabilism about Knowledge (1)
- Social Epistemology (5)
- The A Priori (1)
- The Concept of Knowledge (1)
- The Gettier Problem (2)
- The Nature of Intuition (5)
- Transmission of Warrant (2)
- Understanding (1)
- Virtue Epistemology (11)
- Wisdom (1)
- Metaphilosophy (20)
- Critiques of Experimental Philosophy (1)
- Empiricism (2)
- Epistemology of Philosophy (1)
- Experimental Philosophy (8)
- Formal Philosophy (1)
- Naturalism (2)
- Philosophical Methods (2)
- Pragmatism (1)
- Thought Experiments (5)
- Metaphysics (81)
- Abstract Objects (1)
- Actualism (1)
- Anti-Realism about Laws (1)
- Artifacts (1)
- Best-Systems Analyses (2)
- Causal Eliminativism (1)
- Causal Realism (1)
- Causal Reductionism (1)
- Causal Relata (1)
- Causation (5)
- Ceteris Paribus Laws (2)
- Conceivability, Imagination, and Possibility (1)
- Concepts of Emergence (1)
- Conditional Analyses (1)
- Dispositional and Categorical Properties (2)
- Dispositions and Laws (3)
- Dispositions and Powers (1)
- Downward Causation (1)
- Essentialism (1)
- Essentialism and De Re Modality (1)
- Eternalism (1)
- Fission and Split Brains (1)
- Metaphysics, General Works (2)
- Humeanism and Nonhumeanism about Laws (4)
- Idealism (1)
- Laws of Nature (2)
- Material Objects (3)
- McTaggart's Argument (1)
- Metaontology (1)
- Metaphysical Necessity (3)
- Metaphysics (1)
- Methodology in Metaphysics (3)
- Modal Realism (1)
- Narrative Identity (1)
- Objects (3)
- Ontological Realism (1)
- Ontology (8)
- Events (1)
- Ontological Categories (1)
- Perdurance (1)
- Persistence (3)
- Personal Identity (2)
- Persons (1)
- Human nature (1)
- Philosophy of Time (3)
- Physical and Animalist Theories Of Personal Identity (1)
- Powers (2)
- Practical Identity (1)
- Problem of the Many (1)
- Properties (2)
- Psychological Theories of Personal Identity (1)
- Simples and Gunk (1)
- Supervenience (1)
- The Body (1)
- The Direction of Time (1)
- Theories of Causation (2)
- Theories of Modality (1)
- Time (6)
- Temporal Ontology (4)
- Presentism (1)
- The Open Future (4)
- Temporal Ontology (4)
- Time Travel (4)
- Varieties of Causation (1)
- Philosophy of Mind (90)
- Aspects of Consciousness (2)
- Consciousness and Content (1)
- Consciousness and Materialism (2)
- Consciousness of Action (1)
- Content Internalism and Externalism (3)
- Creativity (1)
- Disjunctivism (1)
- Dualism (4)
- Eliminativism about Propositional Attitudes (1)
- Eliminativism about Qualia (1)
- Emotions (4)
- Epistemology of Mind (2)
- Experience of Temporal Passage (1)
- Expression-Based Accounts of Self-Knowledge (1)
- Externalism and Armchair Knowledge (2)
- Externalism and Slow Switching (1)
- First-Person Contents (2)
- Imagination and Pretense (3)
- Imaginative Resistance (5)
- Inferentialist Accounts of Meaning and Content (1)
- Information-Based Accounts of Mental Content (1)
- Intentionality (1)
- Knowledge of Consciousness (1)
- Mental Actions (2)
- Mental Causation (2)
- Mental States (3)
- Mental States and Processes (13)
- Desire (1)
- Imagination (9)
- Mental Imagery (3)
- Pain (1)
- Pleasure (1)
- Metaphysics of Mind (3)
- Naive and Direct Realism (3)
- Narrow Content (1)
- Nonreductive Materialism (1)
- Observation-Based Accounts of Self-Knowledge (1)
- Panpsychism (3)
- Perception (6)
- Perception and Action (1)
- Perception and Skepticism (1)
- Perceptual Justification (1)
- Perceptual Particularity (1)
- Phenomenal Concepts (1)
- Philosophy of Consciousness (8)
- Philosophy of Mind, General Works (3)
- Physicalism (5)
- Psychophysical Emergence (1)
- Rationality-Based Accounts of Self-Knowledge (1)
- Self-Knowledge (2)
- Sense-Datum Theories (1)
- Social Externalism (1)
- Teleological Accounts of Mental Content (2)
- The Exclusion Problem (1)
- The Extended Mind (1)
- The Nature of Belief (3)
- Twin Earth and Externalism (1)
- What is it Like? (1)
- Zombies and the Conceivability Argument (1)
- Philosophy of Action (42)
- Action Theory (4)
- Action Sentences (1)
- Causal Theory of Action (2)
- Collective Action (1)
- Decision-Theoretic Frameworks (1)
- Decision Theory (2)
- Decision-Theoretic Puzzles (1)
- Toxin Puzzle (1)
- Game Theory (1)
- Decision-Theoretic Puzzles (1)
- Defining Action (1)
- Deliberation (2)
- Explanation of Action (3)
- Free Will (14)
- Agent Causation (1)
- Alternative Possibilities (1)
- Compatibilism (5)
- Determinism (2)
- Libertarianism about Free Will (2)
- Semi-Compatibilism (1)
- Free Will and Neuroscience (2)
- Free Will and Responsibility (1)
- Instrumental Reasoning (1)
- Intentional Action (3)
- Motivation (2)
- Noncausal Theories of Action (1)
- Normative and Descriptive Decision Theory (1)
- Practical and Theoretical Reasoning (2)
- Practical Reason (3)
- Preferences in Decision Theory (1)
- Reasons (6)
- Reasons and Causes (2)
- Subjective and Objective Reasons (1)
- The Nature of Action (4)
- The Will (1)
- Theories of Free Will (1)
- Utility (1)
- Action Theory (4)
- Philosophy of Language (47)
- Accomplishments (1)
- Achievements (1)
- Activities (1)
- Descriptions (1)
- Desire Ascriptions (2)
- Feminist Philosophy of Language (5)
- Generics (1)
- Indexicals and Demonstratives (1)
- Linguistic Communication (1)
- Meaning (4)
- Metaphor (1)
- Minimalism and Deflationism about Truth (3)
- Modal Expressions (1)
- Norms of Assertion (2)
- Philosophy of Language, General Works (1)
- Philosophy of Linguistics (2)
- Pragmatics (2)
- Pragmatism about Truth (2)
- Prosentential Theory of Truth (1)
- Reference (2)
- Relevance Theory (1)
- Russellian and Direct Reference Theories (1)
- Scope (1)
- Sorites Paradox (1)
- Specific Expressions (1)
- Speech Acts (3)
- States (1)
- Subjunctive Conditionals (1)
- Supervaluationism (1)
- The Analytic-Synthetic Distinction (2)
- Truth (8)
- Vagueness and Indeterminacy (3)
- Verificationist Theories of Meaning (1)
- Philosophy of Religion (47)
- Afterlife (2)
- Agnosticism (2)
- Arguments Against Theism (8)
- Arguments for Theism (7)
- Atheism (4)
- Comparative Philosophy of Religion (1)
- Divine Attributes (8)
- Divine Eternity (1)
- Divine Omniscience (2)
- Divine Passibility (1)
- Divine Simplicity (1)
- Epistemology of Religion (4)
- Evil (2)
- Faith (4)
- Fictionalism (3)
- Heaven and Hell (1)
- Prayer (2)
- Religious Diversity (1)
- Sin (1)
- Specific Religions (7)
- Buddhism (1)
- Christianity (4)
- The Trinity (1)
- Islam (2)
- The Soul (1)
- Epistemology (90)
- Science, Logic & Mathematics (201)
- General Philosophy of Science (72)
- Abduction and Scientific Realism (1)
- Analogy in Science (4)
- Arguments For and Against Scientific Realism (7)
- Confirmation (1)
- Confirmation Holism (1)
- Constructive Empiricism (3)
- Empirically Equivalent Theories (1)
- Experimentation in Science (2)
- Explanation (1)
- Explanation and Laws (1)
- Explanatory Value (2)
- Feminist Philosophy of Science (3)
- History of Science (2)
- Idealisation (1)
- Induction (1)
- Interlevel Relations in Science (1)
- Laws of Nature (4)
- Models (8)
- Multiple Realizability (1)
- Nature of Science (1)
- Necessitarianism about Laws (1)
- Nonempirical Virtues (1)
- Philosophy of Science, General Works (4)
- Reductionism (3)
- Science and Values (7)
- Scientific Change (1)
- Scientific Conventionalism (1)
- Scientific Discovery (1)
- Scientific Fictionalism (1)
- Scientific Instruments (1)
- Scientific Method (4)
- Scientific Practice (5)
- Scientific Realism (3)
- Scientific Representation (1)
- Sociology of Science (2)
- Structural Realism (2)
- The Observation-Theory Distinction (1)
- Theoretical Virtues (1)
- Theories and Models (2)
- Underdetermination of Theory by Data (4)
- Unification Accounts of Explanation (2)
- Unity of Science (1)
- Varieties of Scientific Realism (4)
- Logic and Philosophy of Logic (38)
- Classical Logic (5)
- Aristotelian Logic (2)
- Chinese Logic (1)
- Epistemology of Logic (1)
- Logic, General Works (7)
- History of Logic (2)
- Informal Logic (1)
- Introductions to Logic (7)
- Liar Paradox (5)
- Logic (1)
- Logical Consequence and Entailment (4)
- Logical Pluralism (1)
- Modal and Intensional Logic (1)
- Model Theory (1)
- Nonclassical Logics (6)
- Fuzzy Logic (3)
- Quantum Logic (1)
- Relevance Logic (1)
- Predicate Logic (1)
- Proof Theory (2)
- Temporal Logic (1)
- Vagueness (1)
- Classical Logic (5)
- Philosophy of Biology (7)
- Philosophy of Cognitive Science (33)
- Animal Cognition (1)
- Connectionism and Eliminativism (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Evolutionary Psychology (1)
- Introspection and Introspectionism (2)
- Neurophilosophy (3)
- Other Mental Disorders (1)
- Philosophy of Neuroscience (2)
- Philosophy of Psychiatry and Psychopathology (2)
- Philosophy of Psychology (4)
- Psychological Explanation (1)
- Psychopathy (1)
- Representation in Cognitive Science (3)
- Representation in Neuroscience (1)
- Science of Consciousness (1)
- The Nature of Folk Psychology (1)
- The Turing Test (1)
- Theory of Mind and Folk Psychology (3)
- Philosophy of Mathematics (11)
- Philosophy of Medicine (2)
- Philosophy of Physical Science (12)
- Philosophy of Probability (14)
- Philosophy of Social Science (16)
- General Philosophy of Science (72)
- History of Western Philosophy (68)
- 15th/16th Century Philosophy (1)
- 17th/18th Century Philosophy (35)
- Anne Conway (2)
- Cambridge Platonism (2)
- Catharine Trotter Cockburn (1)
- Émilie du Châtelet (1)
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (5)
- Hobbes: Social Contract (1)
- Hume: Aesthetics (1)
- Hume: Metaphysics and Epistemology (1)
- Hume: Value Theory (3)
- Isaac Newton (1)
- Kant: Aesthetic Judgment (1)
- Kant: Ethics (2)
- Kant: Perception (1)
- Kant: Philosophy of History (1)
- Kant: Philosophy of Science, Logic and Mathematics (2)
- Kant: Science (2)
- Kant: Social, Political and Religious Thought (1)
- Locke: Metaphysics (1)
- Locke: Philosophy of Science (1)
- Margaret Cavendish (4)
- Mary Astell (6)
- Princess Elizabeth (4)
- René Descartes (5)
- 19th Century Philosophy (6)
- Hegel (3)
- Josiah Royce (1)
- Mary Shepherd (1)
- Nietzsche: Value Theory (1)
- 20th Century Philosophy (17)
- Bertrand Russell (1)
- G. E. M. Anscombe (2)
- G. E. Moore (1)
- Gottlob Frege (1)
- Hannah Arendt (1)
- Iris Marion Young (1)
- Iris Murdoch (1)
- John Rawls (1)
- Kuki Shūzō (1)
- Ludwig Wittgenstein (2)
- Mary Midgley (1)
- Philippa Foot (1)
- Saul Kripke (1)
- Thomas Kuhn (1)
- W. V. O. Quine (3)
- Wilfrid Sellars (1)
- Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy (9)
- Ancient Greek and Roman Logic (1)
- Aristotle (2)
- Hellenistic and Later Ancient Philosophy (2)
- Pyrrhonists (1)
- Stoics: Logic (1)
- Plato (2)
- Plato: Eros (2)
- Plato: Ethics (1)
- Plato: Mathematics (1)
- Stoics (1)
- Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy (4)
- Anselm (1)
- Medieval Philosophy of Language (1)
- Medieval Theology (1)
- Pre-1000 Medieval Philosophy (1)
- Thomas Aquinas (1)
- Philosophical Traditions (51)
- African/Africana Philosophy (7)
- Arabic and Islamic Philosophy (1)
- Asian Philosophy (33)
- Chinese Aesthetics (7)
- Chinese Buddhist Philosophy (1)
- Chinese Ethics (2)
- Chinese Neo-Confucianism (1)
- Chinese Philosophy (1)
- Chinese Philosophy of Logic and Language (1)
- Chinese Philosophy of Science (1)
- Chinese Political Philosophy (1)
- Classical Chinese Philosophy (4)
- Classical Daoism (2)
- Confucius (2)
- Indian Aesthetics (6)
- Indian Logic (1)
- Indian Philosophy (2)
- Japanese Aesthetics (5)
- Korean Aesthetics (1)
- Continental Philosophy (9)
- Continental Feminism (3)
- Judith Butler (1)
- Critical Theory (1)
- Julia Kristeva (1)
- Michel Foucault (1)
- Phenomenology (2)
- Continental Feminism (3)
- Philosophy of the Americas (1)
- Miscellaneous (17)
Keywords
abortion
action
aesthetics
art
art classification
autonomy
causation
consciousness
cultural property
culture
depiction
desire
disability
education
epistemology
ethics
feminism
fiction
free will
gender
imagination
intuition
justice
Kant
knowledge
logic
metaphysics
models
philosophy of language
philosophy of mathematics
philosophy of mind
philosophy of religion
philosophy of science
portrait
race
Rawls
realism
representation
responsibility
science
scientific realism
truth
value
virtue
virtue ethics