Figure: John Rawls
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Shelby, Tommie. Justice, Deviance, and the Dark Ghetto
2007, Philosophy & Public Affairs 35(2): 126-160.
Topics: Class; Forms of Government; Freedom and Rights; Justice; Law and Public Policy; Personal and Social Identity; Political Authority and Legitimacy; Race
Keywords: Rawls; justice; obligation; poor ghetto
Traditions: Analytic; Critical; North American
Languages: English
Figures: John Rawls

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Added by: Helen Morley

Introduction: The problems I will focus on lie in the domain of the theory of justice. Specifically, my concern is to determine what kinds of criticisms of the ghetto poor’s behavior and attitudes are or are not appropriate given that the social circumstances under which they make their life choices are, at least in part, the result of injustice. If the overall social arrangement in which the ghetto poor live is unjust, this requires that we think about what their obligations are quite differently than we should if the society were judged to be just. In particular, I will argue that it is necessary to distinguish the civic obligations citizens have to each other from the natural duties all persons have as moral agents, both of which are affected, though in different ways, by the justness of social arrangements. In addition, among the natural duties all persons possess is the duty to uphold, and to assist in bringing about, just institutions, a political duty that has important, though generally overlooked, consequences for the debate about ghetto poverty.
Comment : Focuses on the moral obligations of subject to systemic and long term injustice, using a Rawlsian framework. Enhances a discussion of justice by considering the implications of justice on those treated unjustly.
Difficulty: Intermediate
Recommended use: Further
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Stark, Cynthia A.. How to Include the Severly Disabled in a Contractarian Theory of Justice
2007, Journal of Political Philosophy 15 (2): 127-145.
Topics: Culture; Disability; Equality; Justice
Keywords: Rawls; disability; distributive justice; reciprocity; schemes of cooperation
Traditions: Analytic; Critical; North American
Languages: English
Figures: John Rawls

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Added by: Carl Fox

Content: Modifies and then defends a Rawlsian theory of justice from the charge that it cannot adequately account for the claims of severely disabled individuals who cannot participate fully in schemes of cooperation.
Comment : Best suited as specialised or further reading on disability and Rawlsian theories of justice.
Difficulty: Intermediate
Recommended use: Specialised
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