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Irigaray, Luce. Is the Subject of Science Sexed?
1987, Hypatia, 2 (3): 65-87, trans. C. Bové
Topics: Gender Sex and Sexuality; Life Sciences; Physical Sciences
Keywords: gender; language; science; subject
Traditions: Critical; European; Hermeneutical
Languages: English; French

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Added by: Franci Mangraviti and Viviane Fairbank
Abstract:
The premise of this paper is that the language of science, like language in general, is neither asexual nor neutral. The essay demonstrates the various ways in which the non-neutrality of the subject of science is expressed and proposes that there is a need to analyze the laws that determine the acceptability of language and discourse in order to interpret their connection to a sexed logic.
Comment : available in this Blueprint
Difficulty: Intermediate
Recommended use: Introductory
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Irigaray, Luce. The “Mechanics” of Fluids
1985, In This Sex Which Is Not One, trans. C. Porter and C. Burke
Topics: Gender Sex and Sexuality; Physical Sciences
Keywords: fluid mechanics; gender; idealization; lacan; models
Traditions: Critical; European; Hermeneutical
Languages: English; French

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Added by: Franci Mangraviti and Viviane Fairbank
Abstract:
The paper argues that science's focus on the ideal and stable hides, and thus contributes to the silencing of, the real and fluid, which corresponds to womanhood.
Comment : available in this Blueprint
Difficulty: Advanced
Recommended use: Further
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Irigaray, Luce, Carlston, Erin G.. The Language of Man
1989, Cultural Critique, 13: 191-202
Topics: Ethics and Socio-Politics of Language; Gender Sex and Sexuality
Keywords: gender; language; logic; psychoanalysis
Traditions: Critical; European; Hermeneutical
Languages: English; French

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Added by: Franci Mangraviti and Viviane Fairbank
Abstract:
This paper enumerates Irigaray's main arguments and thoughts regarding the gendered nature of language and "the logos".
Comment : available in this Blueprint
Difficulty: Advanced, Intermediate
Recommended use: Further
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Izibili, Matthew A. . African Arts and Difference
2020, In: Imafidon, E. (ed.) Handbook of African Philosophy of Difference. Cham: Springer, 205-215
Topics: Aesthetic Experience and Judgement; Applied Ethics; Culture; Ethics and Socio-Politics of Aesthetics; Justice; Normative Ethics; Personal and Social Identity; Race
Keywords: African art; Difference; Signs; Symbols
Traditions: Critical; Cultural; Sub-Saharan African
Languages: English

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Added by: Björn Freter, Contributed by: Björn Freter

Abstract: In this chapter, I examine the role African art play in the institutionalization of difference in African traditions. I am particularly interested in how aesthetic signs and symbols or other forms of art are employed by persons of an African culture to differentiate themselves or set themselves apart from other persons within the same culture or other cultures. Such forms of art of interest here include modes of dressing, tribal marks, hairstyles, and nonverbal signs of communication. I assert in this chapter that these aesthetic forms of difference are in some way institutionalized into the fabric of culture that they are taken by members of the society as objective givens and often not subject to questioning. Hence the othering is sustained and maintained through time. I also argue that these forms of differences sustained through art often promote inequality and preferential treatment of the self over and above the other. A case in mind is the preferential treatment of female folks from the royal family as against those who are not from the royal family, a difference clearly made visible through art.
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Difficulty: Intermediate
Recommended use: Specialised
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Jackson, Jennifer C.. Toleration in the Abortion Debate
1992, In: Bromham D.R., Dalton M.E., Jackson J.C., Millican P.J.R. (eds) Ethics in Reproductive Medicine. Springer, London pp 189-200
Topics: Culture; Gender Sex and Sexuality; Law and Public Policy; Metaethics; Normative Ethics
Keywords: abortion; conscientious objection; moral matter; permissive policy; public debate
Traditions: Analytic; Critical; European
Languages: English
Figures: Jennifer Jackson

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Added by: Barbara Cohn, Contributed by: Simon Fokt

Abstract: What methods, what strategies, is it defensible for us to employ when campaigning on a contentious moral issue? What kinds of intolerance may we legitimately manifest towards the opposition in our endeavour to win converts and influence opinion? Could we be justified in refusing on principle even to engage with the opposition in public debate? And what of the legitimacy of 'playing' on people's emotions, or of not correcting misinformation put about by some of our supporters which helps our cause? Or, in making use of premises in argument that our opponents accept but we do not or, of appealing to arguments that we know to be invalid but by which the opposition may be taken in?
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Jaggar, Alison M.. Love and knowledge: Emotion in feminist epistemology
1989, Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 32 (2):151 - 176.
Topics: Culture; Gender Sex and Sexuality; Social Epistemology; Theoretical Epistemology
Keywords: Emotions; feminism; knowledge
Traditions: Analytic; Critical; North American
Languages: English

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Added by: Chris Blake-Turner, Contributed by: Wayne Riggs

Abstract: This paper argues that, by construing emotion as epistemologically subversive, the Western tradition has tended to obscure the vital role of emotion in the construction of knowledge. The paper begins with an account of emotion that stresses its active, voluntary, and socially constructed aspects, and indicates how emotion is involved in evaluation and observation. It then moves on to show how the myth of dispassionate investigation has functioned historically to undermine the epistemic authority of women as well as other social groups associated culturally with emotion. Finally, the paper sketches some ways in which the emotions ofunderclass groups, especially women, may contribute to the development of a critical social theory.
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James, Susan. Feminism in philosophy of mind: The question of personal identity
2022, in McWeeny, J. and Maitra, K. (eds) Feminist Philosophy of Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 156-172
Topics: Consciousness; Gender Sex and Sexuality; Identity and Change; Mental States and Processes; Metaphysics of Mind and Body; Personal and Social Identity
Keywords:
Traditions: Analytic; Critical; European
Languages: English

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Added by: Adriana Alcaraz Sanchez and Jodie Russell
Abstract:
In this essay, James challenges current psychological theories on personal identity - theories arguing that psychological continuity is a criterion for personal identity. James offers a feminist examination of popular thought experiments aimed at showing that one's person's character and memories could be transplanted into someone's else body, thus, preserving a person's survival. According to James, those thought experiments don't take into account the role of the body in constructing one's identity and character, as well as influencing one's memories.
Comment (from this Blueprint): In this article, James argues for a deeply embodied account of personal identity. James claims that current psychological theories on personal identity, tend to overlook the role of the body in maintaining psychological continuity. Mainstream thought experiments used by those theories, for instance, examples of body swap, undermine the extent to which psychological traits of a person depend on a body. James claims that the body is constitutive for developing one's identity and character. Additionally, she offers an analysis of the role of gender on personal identity by examining how patriarchal structures promote the idea that the mind can be independent of the body.
Difficulty: Easy, Intermediate
Recommended use: Overview, Specialised
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James, V. Denise. Musing: A Black Feminist Philosopher: Is that Possible?
2014, Hypatia 29(1): 189-195.
Topics: Ethics and Socio-Politics of Philosophy; Gender Sex and Sexuality; Race
Keywords: black; feminism; race
Traditions: Critical; North American
Languages: English

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Added by: Helen Morley

Summary: The author argues that black feminist philosophy exists, but "it exists elsewhere in other spaces, on the pages of journals that professional philosophers do not read, in the contexts of conferences where professional philosophers do not go".

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Difficulty: Easy
Recommended use: Introductory
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Jantzen, Grace. Becoming Divine: Towards a Feminist Philosophy of Religion
1999, Indiana University Press.
Topics: Culture; Deities and their Attributes; Gender Sex and Sexuality; Metaethics; Religious Development, Experience, and Personhood
Keywords: feminism; feminist philosophy of religion; religion
Traditions: Critical; North American; Religious
Languages: English
Figures: Grace Jantzen

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Added by: Emily Paul

Publisher's note: "The book's contribution to feminist philosophy of religion is substantial and original.... It brings the continental and Anglo-American traditions into substantive and productive conversation with each other." Ellen Armour To what extent has the emergence of the study of religion in Western culture been gendered? In this exciting book, Grace Jantzen proposes a new philosophy of religion from a feminist perspective. Hers is a vital and significant contribution which will be essential reading in the study of religion.
Comment : Just about any of these chapters would make for a great set reading, in my opinion, but in particular for a course that strives for a more cross-cultural philosophy of religion. In particular, the introduction and chapters 1 and 11 would make for good and accessible primary readings.
Difficulty: Advanced, Intermediate
Recommended use: Specialised
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Jeffers, Chike. The Ethics and Politics of Cultural Preservation
2015, Journal of Value Inquiry 49(1-2): 205-220.
Topics: Applied Ethics; Culture; Ethics and Socio-Politics of Aesthetics; Freedom and Rights; Personal and Social Identity
Keywords: colonialism; cultural preservation; culture; multiculturalism; race
Traditions: Critical; Cultural; North American
Languages: English

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Added by: Erich Hatala Matthes

Summary: Jeffers offers an account of the moral permissibility, and moreover, praiseworthiness of cultural preservation for the sake of the continued existence of cultural groups. He defends this argument against challenges about inauthenticity and incoherence leveled by Jeremy Waldron and Sam Scheffler. In a political context, Jeffers argues that cultural preservation can be obligatory as a component of resistance against colonialism and racism.
Comment : This text is readily applicable to a variety of cultural practices that constitute part of a cultural heritage or practice. It offers thoughtful considerations for discussion concerning the reasons one might have to engage (or not) in a particular cultural artistic practice.
Difficulty: Intermediate
Recommended use: Introductory
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